Reproductive Biology / Medicine / Infertility MCQs – Exercise 20

The multiple choice questions in this online test paper focuses on Reproductive Biology / Reproductive Medicine / Infertility MCQ. If you are looking for self evaluation of your PG Medical entrance exam preparation then this online Reproductive Biology / Reproductive Medicine / Infertility MCQ Test Paper will help you to evaluate your exam preparation.

Instruction for REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY/ REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE / INFERTILITY MCQs:

1- This online MCQ practice test paper contains 30 questions.
2- Each question in this online practice test paper have four options and only 1 option is correct.
3- You can view the answers of this practice test paper after submitting the practice test paper.
Note: The answers mentioned at the end of practice test are the best suitable option as per our knowledge. Users shall cross-check the answers with their textbooks.

Q 1. Which of the following is true?

Complete urinary retention in young women is usually psychogenic in origin.

Acute urinary retention for urological reasons is never painful.

Regular clean intermittent self-catheterization has been shown to weaken detrusor contractility and exacerbate retention.

Patients with incomplete bladder emptying are usually able to report their disorder.

Incomplete bladder emptying together with detrusor hyperreflexia can occur in neurological patients.

Q 2. statement regarding intracavernosal pharmacotherapy in ED, which is true?

Prostaglandins are potent vasoconstrictors, causing occlusion of the penile veins.

The intracavernosal injection of alprostadil is associated with penile pain in up to 40% of patients.

When priapism occurs, treatment options include watchful waiting, as 50% of cases will resolve spontaneously.

In those with ED who will not or are unable to self-inject alprostadil, the intraurethral route is an option with excellent results in most patients.

Q 3. In relation to penile erection, which of the following statements is true?

At full erection, intracavernosal pressure exceeds systolic blood pressure.

A single helicine artery supplies each corpus cavernosum.

Cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation is mediated by release of nitric oxide.

Endothelial nitric oxide release follows sympathetic activity.

The subtunical veins are closed during erection by intraluminal valves.

Q 4. Surgery should be considered when neurological deterioration accounts for bladder symptoms that are difficult to manage conservatively.

Patients with low capacity bladders and non-progressive neurological disease may benefit from augmentation cystoplasty.

Augmentation cystoplasty avoids the commencement of CISC.

Sphincterotomy has now replaced CISC in patients with spinal cord injury and DSD.

Q 5. correct statement below regarding incontinence is

Genuine stress incontinence is typically associated with the sensation of urinary urgency.

Detrusor instability is the expected bladder disorder in neurological disease.

Detrusor hyperreflexia is a common cause of incontinence in a postpartum woman.

Mixed urinary incontinence refers to coexisting stress and urge incontinence

Q 6. In patients with neurogenic bladder problems, urological investigations, such as cystoscopy and upper tract imaging, are performed in which of the following situations?

Urinary symptoms are long-standing.

Recurrent urinary tract infections are a problem.

Urinary urgency is causing incontinence.

The neurological condition is deteriorating.

Q 7. Which of the following statements regarding the innervation of the male genital region is true?

The sympathetic nerve fibers travel mainly in the pudendal nerves.

The parasympathetic fibers travel in the pelvic nerves.

The cavernous nerves are branches of the hypogastric nerves.

The cavernous nerves are branches of the pudendal nerves.

Q 8. statement below relating to neurogenic incontinence is correct?

Spinal injury results in DH that is generally accompanied by appropriate sphincter relaxation.

Urinary frequency, urgency and urge incontinence are most commonly seen with detrusor hyperreflexia.

In detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), hyperreflexic bladder contractions are synchronized with external sphincteric relaxation, but internal sphincter contraction occurs.

In cauda equina injury, bladder control is impaired, but ano-rectal function is preserved.

Q 9. true Statements regarding oral therapy in the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction

Detrusor muscle contraction is mediated through sympathetic activation and results in calcium influx into the detrusor cell.

Oxybutynin acts primarily by blocking calcium channels.

M3 receptors are most important in mediating detrusor contraction.

Oxybutynin is a selective M3 receptor blocker

Q 10. Which statement regarding colonic and anorectal function is correct?

Just prior to defecation, volitional Valsalva straining results in an increase in intraabdominalpressure which is followed by reflex contraction of the internal analsphincter.

Colonic “mass movements” are modified peristaltic contractions that mix the fecal matter to facilitate water absorption.

Distension of the rectum to approximately 150 ml results in a drop in the internal anal sphincter closing pressure.

Pubococcygeal relaxation is associated with a decrease in the anorectal angle.

Q 11. In patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction true statements regarding indwelling catheters is

Indwelling catheters are more effective than CISC in the prevention of upper tract disease in neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Indwelling catheterization carries a higher risk of urethral trauma than CISC.

When a patient is unsuitable for CISC, urethral catheters should not be considered because of the long-term risk of squamous cell carcinoma.

Suprapubic catheters have a lower incidence of urinary tract infection when compared to urethral catheters.

Q 12. true regarding the normal control of urine storage

The intravesical pressure increases to a threshold pressure (approximately 25 cm H2O) as the bladder slowly fills.

Reflex activation of the parasympathetic innervation of the detrusor during filling prevents bladder contraction and facilitates storage.

Both the internal and external sphincters must remain closed during filling for continence.

Pelvic nerve afferents monitor the bladder volume

Q 13. Which of the following statements regarding fecal incontinence is correct?

Constipating medication has a role in the treatment of fecal incontinence secondary to dementia

In patients with fecal incontinence secondary to obstetric anal sphincter damage, bowel washout regimens are the first-line treatment.

In intractable fecal incontinence, disposable anal plugs are successful in the majority of patients.

Incontinence of flatus is a common problem in patients who have sustained a cauda equina injury.

Q 14. Which of the following statements regarding urinary retention is true?

Patients with detrusor hyperreflexia and partial urinary retention usually respond to treatment with anticholinergic medication.

Indwelling catheterization is the treatment of choice when the postmicturition residual volume exceeds 250 ml.

Mechanical obstruction to flow (e.g. urethral stricture) is a cause of urinary retention.

Partial urinary retention in neurological patients warrants referral to a urologist for urethro-cystoscopy as the aetiology is likely to be urological.

Q 15. Which of the following statements is correct?

Most patients with a rectocele complain of constipation.

Intussusception is due to denervation of the rectum.

Intussusception may be a cause of intrarectal obstruction.

Fecal impaction is a rare cause of overflow incontinence.

Q 16. following statements is true relating to the role of cystometry in the investigation of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with MS

Videocystometry can identify ureteric reflux.

Cystometry is indicated in patients with MS and recurrent urinary tract infections.

Cystometry should only be performed following a cystoscopy to check for bladder cancer.

Cystometry may provide information regarding the level of the spinal cord lesion

Q 17. In relation to the treatment of constipation, this of the following statements is correct?

Decreasing fiber intake will increase transit time by reducing stool bulk.

A high intake of bulking agents (fiber supplements) is recommended in immobile patients with slow colonic transit.

Stool softeners usually help in outlet obstruction.

Colonic stimulants generally aggravate slow transit constipation

Q 18. Which of the statements below regarding incontinence is correct?

Genuine stress incontinence is typically associated with the sensation of urinary urgency.

Detrusor instability is the expected bladder disorder in neurological disease.

Detrusor hyperreflexia is a common cause of incontinence in a postpartum woman.

Mixed urinary incontinence refers to coexisting stress and urge incontinence.

Incontinence in MSA is due solely to denervation of the sphincters

Q 19. Which statement regarding the pelvic floor and anal sphincters is correct?

The puborectalis consists of smooth muscle.

Constipation is relatively rare in patients with multiple sclerosis when compared to the incidence of fecal incontinence in these patients.

Voluntary contraction of the puborectalis is necessary for bowel emptying.

Pregnancy and childbirth are the commonest causes of anal sphincter incompetence in the community

Q 20. Renal anamoly associatedwith gynaecological symptom

Duplex kidney

Single kidney

Pelvic kidney

Ureter open in vagina

Q 21. Which of the following statements regarding neurological diseases and erectile dysfunction is true?

Because the spinal cord reflexes are intact, ED is rare in Parkinson’s disease.

ED may be an early symptom of hypothalamic-pituitary disorders.

In multiple sclerosis, sexual responsiveness (i.e. erection) is impaired, but ejaculation is rarely affected.

Men with spinal cord injury experience psychogenic, but not reflex, erections.

Q 22. In a patient with established neurological disease, which of the following, may be useful in the initial assessment of ED?

Nocturnal penile tumescence testing.

Glucose tolerance test.

Cavernosometry.

None of the above.

Q 23. true statements regarding clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) in neuropathic patients is

CISC is an effective treatment for detrusor hyperreflexia.

Sterile gloves are not required in CISC, but a sterile catheter is mandatory.

CISC is not advised when recurrent urinary tract infections are a problem.

When the postvoid residual is in excess of 100 ml, CISC should be considered.

Q 24. following statements regarding the innervation of the lower urinary tract is correct?

The motor neurons that innervate the bladder lie within Onuf’s nucleus.

The pelvic parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are contained in the second, third and fourth sacral spinal nerve roots within the cauda equina.

The sympathetic innervation of the lower urinary tract passes to the bladder via the pudendal nerves.

During voiding, bladder neck relaxation is brought about by activation of α-adrenoceptors in the smooth muscle of the bladder neck

Q 25. Primordial follicle develop completely at

8 weeks

12 weeks

16 weeks

20 weeks

Q 26. Which statement regarding the treatment of ED is true?

Sildenafil citrate is a highly selective agonist of type 5 phosphodiesterase.

Sildenafil citrate acts by inducing erections in the absence of sexual stimulation.

Sildenafil citrate acts in part by increasing sexual desire.

Adverse effects associated with sildenafil citrate include facial flushing and nasal stuffiness.

Q 27. Which of the following statements regarding the neurological pathways for erection is true?

A sacral segmental pathway subserves psychogenic erections.

In men with cauda equina lesions and ED, genital somatic sensation is generally preserved.

Reflex erections are generally preserved in spinal cord injury.

Afferent impulses are conveyed from the genital regions exclusively in the pelvic nerves.

Q 28. Patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and established neurological disease known to cause bladder dysfunction, which of the following tests is most important?

Cystometry.

Urine cytology.

Post-void residual urine measurement.

Renal ultrasound

Q 29. Genuine stress incontinence true statement include

intraurethral pressure greater than intra vesicle pressure

Need surgical treatment

Occurs in presence of detrussor contraction

Occurs in presence of physical stress

Q 30. Which of the following statements regarding ejaculation is true?

Parasympathetic activity is responsible for bladder neck closure during ejaculation.

Sympathetic activity results in emission of the ejaculate into the urethra.

Sympathetic activity results in contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during ejaculation.

Nitric oxide release decreases penile blood flow after ejaculation.

Reproductive Biology / Medicine / Infertility MCQs – Exercise 20

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Reproductive Biology / Medicine / Infertility MCQs – Exercise 20

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